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FAQ
What is Safrus / STaM?
What is Safrus / STaM?
Safrus is a writing style of an ancient calligraphic script called Ksav-Ashuris used exclusively for the writing of STa by a certified Sofer"M.
What is STa"M an Acronym For?
Sifrei Torah and Sifrei Nach)
Tefillin
and
Mezuzos
Styles of Ksav
There are numerous variations of Ksav Ashuris most common among them are Bais Yosef, Vellish, and Ari
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Bais Yosef is used by the Ashkenazi Community
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Vellish used by the Sefardic Community
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Ari is often used by Chasidim
There are other variations as well, including the less common Ksav Chabad or Alter Rebbe Ksav
See the pictures to the left for more details
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Why Do I Need a Certified Sofer? Cant I Just Buy STa"M Anywhere?
Although many people might be talented and have beautiful handwriting techniques, one must purchase STa from a reliable sofer who is known as a "MYarei Shamayim (G-D Fearing), as are many complex Halachos and ideas that go into the writing of STa"M. A sofer is required to study the halachos for many hours until they are at his fingertips.
If a person were to make a mistake and change even one letter of a word, the sages state that he is causing destruction in the world. For example: into a resh, he would be writing falsehood, as the meaning of the work would be changed. Echad means one and only, whereas echad similar in composition. If the sofer were to make the Daled of resh are the Daled and acher means that there are others.
What is so Complicated About Safrus?
So what is so complicated about the halachos?
There are many intricacies and complexities to the halachos including:
ksivah lishma (writing with the right intentions and thoughts)
Ksivas hashem (the writing if the shemos)
repairing
sewing the klaf together
the formatting and layout of parshios
shinuy tzura and shielos tinkok
chok toches (erasing to make a letter)
(writing out of order)shelo kasidran
It is therefore imperative to use a properly trained and certified Sofer for all STaM related needs
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What is a Mezuzah and what does it do?The gemarah in Avodah Zarah 11A tells of Onkelus the convert. We are taught, that the Cesar was not happy with his nephew for converting, and subsiquently sent his officers to arrest him. As Onkelous was being taken he rested his hand upon a Mezuzah and asked the officers if they where aware of what the object was. not knowing the answer, the officers asked Onkelous to explain. he explained to the officers by comparing a king with G-d "A human king sits inside, and his servants guard him from outside. however Hash-m's servants are inside, and He guards them from the outside. He concluded with the following passuk"Hash-m Yishmor Tzeisecha u'Vo'echa." G-d Watches those that come and go. The breakdown: The Torah commands us "Uksavtam Al Mezuzos Beisechah Uvshiarechah" write these passages of "Shemah and Vehayah Im Shamoah" by your doorposts and entryways to your home. We are taught that the passages are written and placed on the doorpost. A Mezuzah is made out of the parchment of a kosher animal and written only in black ink. ​ After the Mezuzah is written, we then check the each Mezuzah to assure that it was written to Halachic standards. It is common practice to place the Mezuzah parchment into a case and hang/ nail it to the doorway.
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Where are Mezuzahs placed?A Mezuzah is placed inside a case, and then hung on the right doorpost on the entrance to a room. This is done for all rooms except for the bathrooms and other rooms that are too small to be habitable. The Mezuzah is hung on the top 1/3 of the doorway at a slight angle as to coincide with all opinions regarding the proper placement in Halacha. As in the example below, the proper placement of a Mezuzah depends upon how a person enters a room. See the diagram below ​
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How often does one need to check Mezuzos, Tefillin, of Sifrei torah?"Tefillin Tefillin that are worn on a consistent basis technically do not need to be checked at all. This is because "The presumption of kashrus" (chezkas kashrus). As long as there is a reasonable certainty that nothing has happened to the Tefillin (not wet, in a humid environment, not warped, no severe cracking, and etc) We advise not leaving Tefillin in the car for prolonged periods. on the other hand, many seforim note that it is still advisable to haev them checked at least once. Mezuzos One needs to check their Mezuzos twice in seven years. This is in contrast to a public Mezuzah that needs to be checked once in every fifty years. it is recommended that one check every three and a half years based on this principle. the main reason that Mezozos require checking is due to the fact that one places them in a case and does not know what may be happening to them. They are not frequently used like Tefillin, and therefore require a frequent checking. It is interesting to note, Tefillin that are not used would need to be checked as often as mezuzos. Sifrei Torah The Gemara states that a Sefer needs to be rolled every 30 days ( at minimum). If a sefer is not used or only used for a specific portion, it is recommended by our sofer to check the sefer periodically. On the other hand, if the sefer is used then one can see if there is an issue and can fix the sefer as needed.
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How much should I spend on a Mezuzah?While it might be tempting to purchace any Mezuzah from a Judaica store, the more one puts into the price the better quality oe recieves. One might compare this to purchasing a car seat for a child. As any parent will readally admit, no one wants the lowest quality car seat, and while it might be diffiicult to afford the best one, you wil always try for the best that you can afford. The amount that one ends up spendng on a Mezuzah can not only be the difference between what is considered mehudar and non-mehudar quality, some might be outright pasul.
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